To optimize silage management, it’s critically important to stay on top of the moisture level in the silage feedstock. The key is the timing of your corn harvest, because timing controls the moisture level in the silage – and the moisture level is the key to the highest quality feed.

The moisture of the corn you chop for silage needs to be between 60% and 70% - on the lower end if you’re silaging in an upright silo, on the higher end for a bunker. Your chopped pieces should be 3/8” to ½” in size to optimize the pack. You can determine the moisture level of the corn with a simple hand test – squeeze the chopped silage into a ball and hold it for 30 seconds. If the ball contains more than 75% moisture, it will hold its shape entirely – too wet! If the ball falls apart quickly, it’s under 60% - too dry! If the ball starts to fall apart and produces some juice, but holds together somewhat, it’s right in that 60 to 70% sweet spot.

Silage that’s too moist will lose nutrients, and can even do damage to your silo. It takes longer to ferment, as well. Overdry silage will not pack well and will have too many air pockets, and will take a long time to go anaerobic. The extended period of aerobic fermentation raises the silage temperature, increasing the chance of a burn and lowering the quality.

To detect moisture levels before chopping the corn, you can check the kernel milk line. Break open an ear and examine the developing kernels, and find the milk line. A line that’s between halfway and two-thirds of the way down from the crown is at the 60 to 70% moisture level. You can also use a microwave oven or commercial forage moisture tester, if you get inconsistent results from these hand tests.